How to remove a large gap between the front teeth. What are spaces between teeth

The gap between the teeth in dentistry is called diastema or trema. The problem is noticeable even in childhood, when the child begins to form the root elements. In adults, the defect may appear over time due to external and internal factors. In fact, three in medicine are considered a pathology. The distance between the elements can be more than 1 cm for both the upper and lower jaws.

The shape of the diastema can be parallel or triangular. Often the problem is accompanied by a violation of the frenulum of the lip. Chipped teeth are a reason to visit the dentist. In addition to the aesthetic defect, the defect leads to a number of other, more complex complications: psychological disorders, speech deficiencies, and the development of periodontitis.

Description of the problem

Tremes are found in the absence of some elements of the series, and in their presence. Cracks can form not only in the area of the front teeth, but also in the area of the lateral elements. Normally, the distance between the side units should be no more than 0.7 mm. Such gaps do not lead to pathological changes in the dentition and periodontium. Abnormal tremas are characteristic of the elements of the upper jaw, and they are rarely observed on the lower jaw. The gaps between the teeth exceeding 1 mm are considered dangerous.

The problem can affect not only the aesthetic, but also the physiological characteristics of a person. A hole between the front teeth increases the risk of developing carious processes. The contact surface of the elements protects them from the penetration of harmful bacteria. Gingival papillae with diastema become more vulnerable to mechanical damage that can occur as a result of eating or consuming solid foods.

In places of soft tissue damage, periodontal pockets are formed, in which bacterial plaque and food particles accumulate. Thus, patients who are diagnosed with three teeth between their teeth are more exposed to dental diseases.

The main symptom of the problem is a gap between the teeth on the upper or lower jaw. For reasons of occurrence, the problem is classified into 2 categories: physiological and pathological. Trema between the teeth in the first case are observed only in childhood, in a certain period of development. The pathological form of the problem often occurs in adults whose dentition is fully formed.

Dentists advise to fix the problem in the early stages of manifestation. This will help to avoid an increase in the distance between the teeth and the displacement of other elements into the wrong anatomical position. The question of the need for treatment is decided by the dentist after assessing the neglect of the problem and the factors in the development of the diastema.

The reasons

The exact causes that affect the formation of gaps between the teeth have not been identified. Among the factors predisposing to the problem are:

Heredity. Pathology is more often observed in children whose parents encountered a defect. It is noteworthy that over time, the gaps can disappear on their own without specific treatment.
The presence of well-developed intergingival papillae.
Low or high located labial frenulum.
Late replacement of milk teeth by permanent ones.
Partial adentia, provoked by improper dental care or other factors.
Amputation of the front tooth and a long absence of dental care in this situation.
Periodontal diseases and pathology of the arrangement of elements in a row.
Small teeth due to genetic predisposition.
Congenital pathologies, expressed in the late change of incisors and other elements.

The gap between the teeth should be removed immediately. To do this, seek help from a dentist, orthodontist, less often a surgeon.

Varieties of the problem

In dentistry, there are several types of diastema and three. According to this classification, the problem is divided into true and false, lateral and corpus-lateral, medial.

The true diastema is visualized only between root units. The doctor should correct the problem, since self-treatment of the diastema will not bring results. The sooner therapy is started, the more likely the patient is to regain an attractive smile. True tremas are corrected with orthodontic appliances, surgery and restorative procedures.

The lateral type of the problem is associated with the deviation of the central teeth to the sides. In this case, the roots of the elements usually do not have deviations in location. Lateral lateral deviation is the divergence relative to each other of the coronal parts of the tooth. Pathology manifests itself against the background of frequent nail biting, the habit of opening objects with teeth, etc. Also, the cause of gapped teeth can be a supernumerary row.

Corpus lateral lateral displacement is associated with a change in the position of the crown elements. The position of the incisors changes along with the location of their roots. The problem develops due to a lack of units in the oral cavity.

With a medial type of problem, the deviation of the location of the incisors is observed at the level of the root. In this case, the teeth can rotate about their axis. This type of pathology is the most difficult to correct, since an incorrectly located unit must be aligned in all directions. The cause of the medial diastema of the teeth is supernumerary elements or partial adentia.

False tremas occur during the period of change of the milk occlusion to a permanent one. Diastemas in children gradually disappear as the molars, canines and chewing elements grow in size. Parents should monitor the condition of the teeth in the oral cavity of the child, so as not to miss the development of true pathology. At the time of teething, the child may experience speech defects, expressed as a lisp or whistle when pronouncing words.

Ways to fight

How to close the gap between the front teeth? There are many ways to correct crevices. Diastemas are masked with the help of composite materials, orthodontic structures (braces, veneers), with the help of surgical intervention. Each of the ways to correct the problem will be discussed in detail.

Artistic restoration

The essence of the procedure is to mask the gap between the front teeth. Treatment of the problem and elimination of the cause of its occurrence does not occur. Using the method, the defect is eliminated in 1-2 visits to the dentist. The main advantage of artistic restoration is painlessness and speed of implementation. The disadvantage is the inability to mask the diastema in children.

The technology of masking the gaps between the teeth in stages resembles a dental filling and includes:

Visual examination at the dentist.
Filling of carious cavities, if necessary, postponing artistic restoration for a certain time.
Selection of restoration material, which is as close as possible to the natural tone of the enamel in color.
Dental tissue is built up in layers using a composite material.
Polishing and drying of each layer of applied material.
Formation of a septum between the incisors.

Installation of crowns and veneers

This method of correcting the gap between the teeth is considered the most economical, especially if metal-ceramic or all-ceramic materials are used. Products are made in laboratory conditions according to individual parameters. Once crowns are made, they are ground to ensure they fit snugly against natural tooth tissue.

Veneers are thin overlays made of high-strength materials. On average, the thickness of the product does not exceed 0.7 mm. But there are also ultra-thin overlays with a thickness of less than 0.3 mm - lumineers. Veneers are able to close the diastema between the central elements.

Photos before and after the correction of the gap between the teeth using orthodontic structures (veneers)

Designs are designed to mask dispersed teeth. They are installed on the outside of the row on a special adhesive base. Veneers and lumineers are not used to correct a milk bite. The disadvantages of the devices include the need for grinding elements, which further increases the risk of developing carious processes and the high cost of installation. Lumineers can be fixed in the oral cavity without turning the teeth due to their structure and minimal thickness.

The benefits of overlays include:

strength;
durability;
ease of care;
resistance to staining from drinks and food;
gum safety.

Surgical intervention

To get rid of the gap with the help of surgical intervention is offered to those patients whose problem is associated with the incorrect location of the labial frenulum. The procedure is performed using a laser, using painkillers.

Surgery is more often prescribed in adolescence. Since during this period from its implementation it is possible to achieve the optimal effect. Among the advantages of the intervention can be noted - a short period of rehabilitation, complete elimination of signs of pathology. Correction of the diastema does not occur immediately after the operation, but over time.

Caps

With small tremah, the use of caps, which are "covers" made of transparent silicone, is shown. Caps can be made according to standard templates or taking into account the individual parameters of the patient's jaw. Some models are able to change size and shape in the oral cavity when heated.

Among the advantages of structures should be highlighted:

the possibility of extraction from the oral cavity during sleep or eating;
treatment of small diastema;
the possibility of correcting small bite defects;
the gel intended for fastening caps in the oral cavity has a whitening effect on the enamel.

braces

Traditionally, trems that appear between the teeth are eliminated with the help of braces. They are used to correct pathology in adults and children, but the best effect is given during the period of milk occlusion, when bone structures are more susceptible to external influences.

Braces are divided into adults and children. The last type of products is installed in patients under the age of 12-13 years

Depending on the structural features of the structure, they can be fixed from the outer (vestibular) or inner (lingual) side of the dentition. You can get rid of three children with the help of the system in 1.5 - 2 years. In adults, the period of bite correction can be delayed for a longer period: it takes from 2 to 3 years to eliminate the gap between the teeth. After braces, adult patients are recommended to wear plates to consolidate the result of treatment.

Pathology in children

In children, jaw structures are formed before the age of 6 years. The gap between the teeth at an early age indicates the need to visit a specialist. To correct the defect at an early age, specialists resort to surgical intervention, orthodontic and preorthodontic therapy. In the latter case, trainers are installed in the child's oral cavity, shaped like soft silicone caps.

Trainers are easily removed from the mouth and inserted into place. They gently correct crooked teeth and do not harm the gums.

If a child has a small gap between the teeth, then plates are used that are as easy to use as trainers. With the help of plates, the teeth are shifted to the correct anatomical position in a week. The therapy is supported by the installation of a carbon retainer, which the patient will have to wear for at least 1 year.

Surgical intervention is resorted to with an abnormal frenulum or with supernumerary teeth. In the latter case, excess elements are removed from the oral cavity under local anesthesia.

Modern dentistry offers many ways to get rid of three (from Latin means gap) in a short time. The method of correction is selected depending on the severity of the pathology, the desire and financial capabilities of the patient. If the gap increases over time. It is necessary to visit the dentist, and at home to adhere to preventive measures. To prevent the problem, it is necessary to follow the following elementary rules: refuse to open objects with your teeth; daily clean the enamel from food particles and teach this to children; regularly visit the dentist.

Almost everyone wants to have a beautiful smile. One of the factors that violate the aesthetics of the dentition are the gaps between the teeth. This is thought to be more of a cosmetic defect, and many public figures have even made gaps between their teeth part of their image. However, gaps, in addition to psychological discomfort, can provoke diseases of the teeth and gums, as well as a change in bite.

It is considered normal when the lateral edges of the teeth are in contact with each other, forming micro-gaps. Firstly, they are convenient to clean during hygiene procedures, and secondly, they ensure the correct distribution of the load between the teeth while eating. Too large gaps are considered abnormal and require correction.

Gaps between teeth: types

In addition to the negative impact on the aesthetics of a smile, diastemas and tremas can cause diction disorders, changes in bite, and the occurrence of diseases of the teeth and gums.

Tremes: types

Diastemas: types

Cracks between teeth: symptoms

a large gap between the front teeth of the upper or lower jaw,
single or multiple gaps between teeth along the entire row.

Causes of cracks between teeth

Gap between teeth: how to fix?

Today, the gaps between the teeth are completely amenable to adjustment. The main thing to remember is that the sooner you start treatment, the easier and faster the process of restoring the aesthetics and functionality of the dentition will be. And it is much easier and faster for children to do this than for adults.

Types of tooth diastema

There are 2 types of diastema: false and true.

True It is called a diastema, formed when the molars appear. False diastema refers to the appearance of abnormal interdental spaces between milk teeth in children.

False diastema does not necessarily develop into a true diastema, such cases are very rare. true diastema divided into three types, each of which occurs for different reasons:

first type- the position of the roots relative to each other is normal, there is a lateral (lateral) deviation of the dental crowns;
second type- the presence of corpus lateral displacement of the anterior teeth;
third type- there is a lateral displacement of the roots and a median displacement of the crowns. This type of diastema is considered the most difficult.

Regardless of the type of diastema, the crowns of the central incisors can be located either evenly or axially rotated to the outside or inside.

Reasons for the appearance of a chip

There are many factors that cause the development of a diastema, and orthodontists periodically determine new ones that were not previously recorded. The most common causes of diastema are:

lower lip frenulum attached too low(diastema on the lower jaw is caused by a high attachment of the labial (lingual) frenulum);
heredity(according to statistics, the probability of developing a diastema, if relatives have this anomaly, is 1/3);
defects in the location of the lateral incisors, which affects the position of the roots and crowns of the central teeth;
hardened bone structure in the region of the palatine suture;
late appearance of molars;
the presence of polyodontia of the upper jaw. Polyodontia is expressed in the appearance of additional (supernumerary) teeth;
adentia (absence) of lateral incisors, which causes the central ones to move towards the empty gap.

Diastema can also form in people who have a habit of chewing on various objects a lot and often (for example, the tips of pens, pencils, etc.).

How to close the gap between the front teeth?

Fortunately for those who do not like this feature of appearance, the gap is a removable orthodontic defect. The complexity and duration of the procedure for getting rid of it depends on the type of diastema and the degree of its development., which is determined by the width of the interdental space.

Diastemas up to 3-4 mm wide, caused by an anomaly of the frenulum of the upper lip, can be easily eliminated by cutting the frenulum. Particularly wide (more than 5 mm.) diastemas can be eliminated quickly, but not cheaply, with the help of porcelain veneers.

There are the following methods for eliminating gaps between the front teeth:

orthodontic;
orthopedic;
surgical.

Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Orthopedic method diastema treatment is also called aesthetic, since it pursues exclusively visual correction of the defect. It consists in restoring the appearance of the jaw with the help of veneers.

Veneers are small overlays made of dental porcelain, which are almost indistinguishable from tooth enamel in color and texture. These overlays are attached to the visible surface of the incisor using dental adhesive.

Veneers are made individually for each case. Stages of installing veneers: erasing a thin layer of enamel at the place of attachment (this is necessary for maximum adhesion of the adhesive material to the tooth surface); fastening and fixation of the veneer.

The veneer procedure is safe, but when the enamel is erased, unpleasant sensations are possible, so the procedure is performed under local anesthesia. In some cases, if the width of the diastema is not too large, a photopolymer is used as an alternative to porcelain - the same material from which seals are made.

The service life of veneers, subject to the rules of care, is quite long. You need to take care of them in the same way as for “native” teeth - do not neglect the rules of hygiene, do not gnaw hard foods, etc.

orthodontic method refers to the most common and consists in correcting the width of the interdental spaces with the help of orthodontic structures, which include: braces; crowns with special levers; vestibular plates.

The latter are removable structures, braces and crowns remain fixed until the diastema is completely eliminated. The essence of the use of orthoconstructions is the continuous pressure on the central incisors, which contributes to their movement to a normal position and closing the gap.

This pressure is so slight that it is not felt by the patient, but due to its continuous and long-term nature, a positive effect is achieved. The duration of diastema correction using braces depends on the complexity of the defect, but on average it ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 years.

Surgical method diastema treatment is used when the appearance of a gap is caused by an anomaly of the frenulum of the upper lip or the presence of supernumerary teeth.

Depending on the cause, surgical intervention involves: excision (circumcision) of the frenulum connecting the gum to the lip. This micro-operation is performed under local anesthesia, after a few days the wound heals; removal of supernumerary teeth.

The surgical method is used only in combination with orthopedic, since it eliminates only the cause of the diastema, the gap itself remains in place. After the wound has healed, the appearance of the anterior incisors is corrected with veneer or photopolymer plates.

The video addresses the following question - leave or remove the gap between the teeth?

Treatment of a chip in a child

The gap between the baby teeth in a child does not need to be eliminated, but if the diastema has already appeared between the molars, it should be removed as soon as possible so that by the age of 15-16 the teenager has a beautiful even bite.

Treatment of diastema in children is performed by orthodontic and surgical methods.(in the presence of defects of the frenulum of the lip). At the same time, it is preferable not to have the traditional excision of the frenulum, which can be very painful for the child, but the so-called. scalpelless method.

It consists in installing a special rubber loop on the front incisors, which must be worn for several days. During this time, the teeth take the correct form of growth. To fix it, it is necessary to wear a retainer made of carbon thread for 12 months.

The retainer is not as noticeable as the bracket system, so this method of treating diastema in children is becoming increasingly popular.

Due to the variety of methods for getting rid of the gap between the front teeth, getting rid of it has long ceased to be an urgent problem for those who consider the diastema to be a serious defect in appearance. If the gap interferes, it must be eliminated, and not put up with it.

Teeth are normal Orthodontics, braces Methods for correcting the gap between the front teeth

Every fifth person in the world has a diastema, but this feature is expressed in different ways for everyone. Such a gap often causes complexes and serious problems. How can the gap between the front teeth be removed, what to do in this case, what correction methods are used?

What is a diastema?

The width of such a gap between the teeth can be from 1 to 6 mm, in rare cases, the diastema reaches 10 mm. The gap can be formed both on the upper and on the lower jaw. Features of the gap between the teeth:

the appearance of the anomaly depends on the degree of malocclusion, the gap can be straight, triangular or other shape,
the main manifestation of diastema is a violation of the pronunciation of sounds (whistling, lisping), which cannot be corrected by speech therapy classes,
the defect develops gradually. If a child has problems with pronunciation, it is necessary to consult an orthodontist. It is easier to solve the problem at the beginning than to spend a lot of money and time on its correction later.

Most people with diastema live peacefully with their peculiarity and do not even think about fixing anything. Orthodontists recommend correcting the defect, as it will adversely affect the condition of the oral cavity over time.

Why does a gap appear?

Often the cause of the formation of a gap is bad habits.

A gap between the teeth can appear in several reasons:

heredity (if mom or dad has such a feature, there is a possibility of developing a diastema in a child),
malformed frenulum of the upper lip, which interferes with the proper growth of incisors and canines,
bad habits (prolonged sucking of a pacifier, a finger, the habit of gnawing pencils),
late or early eruption of milkmen, untimely change of milk bite,
violations of the physiological function of swallowing (normally, when swallowing, the tongue rests against the sky, in 5-7% of people the tongue rests against the incisors, gradually bending them),
anomalies in the development of the jaw bones,
pathologies of the development of the anterior teeth are rare, but they seriously violate the aesthetic appearance of a smile,
pathology of periodontal tissues, which contribute to the fan-shaped separation of teeth,
neoplasms in the oral cavity,
the absence of neighboring teeth, as a result of which their neighbors gradually shift to an empty place.

Types of diastema

There is a classification of diastema depending on the shape:

triangular gap occurs mainly due to bad habits,
a parallel gap, accompanied by a displacement of the teeth and develops due to an incorrectly located frenulum, as well as against the background of anomalies in the development of the bone tissue of the jaws,
triangular shape, the vertex of the conditional triangle is located on the border of the teeth. The defect develops against the background of anomalies of the jaw bone or the presence of supernumerary units.

How is the correction carried out?

Modern methods of bite correction and restoration of teeth make it possible to correct the gaps between the teeth even in the most difficult situations. Correction of the defect is carried out after the diagnosis and taking into account the following factors:

There are several methods for diastema correction:

orthodontic correction,
crown prosthetics,
, Lumineers,
surgical method.

The choice of a method for correcting a defect depends on the above factors, after the diagnosis, the orthodontist offers the patient a choice of several possible treatment options, in some cases this may be the only available method.

Orthodontic method of correction with braces

- an effective method of correcting abnormal bite, incorrectly located teeth, the gaps between them. Once every 2-3 months, the braces are corrected, the treatment can take several years.

There are several types of braces, the most reliable of which are metal. Due to their ugly appearance, many patients refuse such treatment. In this case, they can be used, which are attached to the inside of the row and are not visible to others.

For children and adolescents, colored braces have been developed, they help the child get rid of complexes and calmly undergo treatment, not embarrassed by their appearance.

Kappas

Veneers are an expensive but aesthetic method of diastema correction.

Mouth guards are an alternative to braces, they are transparent flexible structures made of silicone according to individual casts. Mouthguards are used to correct minor smile defects and cannot cope with serious anomalies.

Veneers and Lumineers

Often the gap between the front teeth is corrected with the help of veneers - the thinnest ceramic plates that are attached to the front surface of the teeth. Before this, a small layer of hard fabrics is ground down to the thickness of the product. Lumineers differ from veneers in thickness - they are thinner and you do not need to grind your teeth to fix them. This method of correcting smile defects is expensive.

Composite restoration

If the patient does not want to spend time correcting the defect with braces, it is used. The method involves building up a tooth using composite materials from the side of the gap. The photopolymer is matched exactly to the color of the patient's enamel. A new smile in this case requires careful care, since the restored tooth can be damaged by hard and viscous food.

Crowns

This is a rather aggressive method, since the tooth must be depulped and turned to install the crown. The only justified case for the use of crowns in the correction of cracks - units are in poor condition and require. In this case, the patient upholsters two birds with one stone at the same time - treats pulpitis and removes the gap between the teeth without harming the oral cavity.

Surgical method

In childhood, the defect gradually disappears on its own.

A surgeon is required if the gap is caused by an ill-positioned frenulum or other anomalies in the structure of the oral cavity.

Correction in children

If the gaps between the teeth have formed in a child with a permanent bite at the age of 12-16 years, the problem is solved with the help of an Angle arch or a mouthguard. The jaw during this period is actively growing and developing, so it is important not to miss the moment and correct the defect in a timely manner.

Braces are often installed for teenagers, especially if the diastema appeared due to malocclusion. Such defects are easier to correct at this age. An adult will need more time for this.